Lighting, the basic concept of illumination, is an important technology that affects and enhances the functioning and well-being of people and their environment. It is defined as the process of illuminating an area with artificial light sources. There are many different types of lighting technologies, such as LEDs, halogens, fluorescent lamps, incandescent and natural lighting. Lighting technology can be used for practical and creative purposes in any space, from homes and businesses, to factories and public spaces. It is an essential part of interior design and architecture. It can be used to create atmosphere and ambience, enhance security, stimulate productivity, and increase safety. It can also be used to create a mood and add a bit of character to a space. Good lighting design involves balancing both functional and aesthetic considerations, as well as energy efficiency. Natural lighting is the most efficient and is often the preferred choice because its light is closest to the sun's. However, when natural lighting cant be used, artificial lighting sources are the next best option. Lighting designers determine the best intensity, distribution and colour of light for each area and scenario while adhering to industry standards. The long term energy savings can be a deciding factor when choosing between lighting technologies. LEDs are the most energy efficient and have replaced other common sources such as Incandescent bulbs in many applications. LEDs also produce more vibrant colours and are long lasting, saving money over time. In short, lighting can have profound effects on the environment and how we view and use spaces. Whether its natural or artificial, proper lighting can help keep people safe, productive and comfortable.