Lighting refers to the use of artificial light sources to illuminate interior and exterior spaces more effectively. Lighting is an essential part of architectural design. In addition to providing general illumination, it can be used to accentuate certain components of a space and create a mood or emotion. Proper lighting design can have a significant impact on a space, creating an inviting and comfortable space while also helping to conserve energy. In the past, lighting was used primarily to illuminate and provide visibility; however, today lighting is used to create an atmosphere and bring out specific features of a space, such as pathways or walls. Different types of lighting can be used to achieve different visual effects. For example, directional lighting can draw attention and provide focus, while indirect lighting can provide a soft, ambient light that helps to blur outlines and minimize shadows. Another type of lighting, accent lighting, is used to highlight certain features or objects, such as artwork and sculptures. Accent lighting can be used to create a warm, inviting atmosphere and can be used to create visual interest in dull spaces. Lighting also plays a role in energy conservation. LED and CFL (compact fluorescent) bulbs are the preferred choice for most lighting applications, as they use significantly less energy than traditional incandescent bulbs. LED and CFL bulbs also last much longer, which helps to reduce maintenance costs. Lighting is an important aspect of any space and can be used to create comfortable, inviting atmospheres and highlight specific features. Proper lighting design is essential for any space and can help conserve energy and reduce costs.